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Igor Smirnov
Igor Nikolaevich Smirnov ((ロシア語:И́горь Никола́евич Смирно́в), tr. ''Igorʹ Nikolayevich Smirnov''; born October 23, 1941) is a Transnistrian politician, the first president (1991–2011) of the internationally unrecognized Eastern-European country Pridnestrovian Moldovan Republic.
==Childhood==
Igor Smirnov was born in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union during World War II. He was the son of Nikolai Stepanovich Smirnov, a worker within the Soviet Communist Party apparatus and Zinaida Grigor'evna Smirnova, a journalist and newspaper editor. As the Party promoted Nikolai Stepanovich to ever more important positions, the family moved from Petropavlosk to the Ukrainian SSR, where the Red Army had recently expelled the Nazi German military. The Smirnovs initially benefited from Nikolai Stepanovich's successes—he reached the position of First Secretary of the Golopristanskiy Raion (district) committee in Soviet Ukraine.
However, in the summer of 1952 Nikolai Stepanovich was arrested for irregularities in supply distribution among the Raion's collective farms.〔In his memoirs, Igor Smirnov reports that his father "had seen to it that the families of those killed on the front (WWII ) were supplied with necessities (free of charge)." Igor Smirnov, ''Zhit' na nashei zemle''. (Moscow: Sovetskii pisatel', 2001), 9.〕 He was sentenced to fifteen years in the Soviet forced labor camps with a following period of five years' internal exile. As the family of an enemy of the people, life was difficult for Zinaida Grigor'evna and her three sons, Vladimir, Oleg, and Igor. In the wake of Joseph Stalin's death in 1953, Nikolai Stepanovich was released together with many Soviet inmates. The Smirnov family was reunited in central Russia near the Ural Mountains, where Nikolai Stepanovich directed a primary school and Zinaida Grigor'evna worked as the editor of a local Komsomol newspaper.〔Anna Volkova, ''Lider'' (Tiraspol': (), 2001), 8. Available online at: http://www.olvia.idknet.com/soderjanie.htm〕
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